The most prestigious title in boxing is the Heavyweight Champion of the World. This weight class is for boxers greater than 175 lbs. or 80 kg. In September of 1952 the champion is Jersey Joe Walcott.
Walcott won the title on July 18, 1951 when he knocked out defending champion Ezzard Charles at Forbes Field in Pittsburgh. He defended it by defeating Charles again, this time by a decision on June 5, 1952 at Municipal Stadium in Philadelphia. Three months later, Walcott looked for another opponent to earn another big pay day.
On July 28, 1952, undefeated Rocky Marciano knocked out Harry "Kid" Matthews at Yankee Stadium to cement himself as the next contender to face the champion. Walcott agreed to fight Marciano on Tuesday night, September 23, 1952, again at Municipal Stadium in Philadelphia.
For a couple of weeks before the fight, Harvey and Burt discussed nothing else. Early on Harvey talked up the inevitability of Marciano continuing his undefeated winning streak. His record was 42 wins (37 by knockout) and no defeats.
"Nobody can stand in front of Marciano for long. He is unbeatable."
Was it a coincidence that again Harvey took the white guy? So, Burt was for the champion, Jersey Joe, the black guy.
"Nobody is unbeatable. Even greats like Sugar Ray Robinson and Willie Pep tasted defeat."
"It (is) a match that (has) inspired great public interest. Opinions on who (is) more likely to win (are) sharply divided. For some, Marciano's advantages in youth (29 year-old) and power (are) too much for a ring-worn, 38 year-old to overcome. But more than a few (see) Walcott's edge in experience, ring smarts and technique as being the deciding factors."
Marciano is a 8-5 betting favorite. It is the first time since challenger Joe Louis fought Jimmy Braddock (1937) that the champion is the underdog.
Normally such important fights are televised or at least broadcast on the radio. But not this time. There is new technology. The heavyweight championship fight will only be shown to paying customers in about 50 movie theaters around the country. This will generate more revenue to the promoters and fighters than in the past.
When Burt went to bed that Tuesday night, he almost couldn't fall asleep as he anxiously waited for the sun to come up Wednesday morning when the newspaper would tell him what he desperately wanted to know. He was praying this was the day he had been waiting for. Walcott will win and Burt can show his father that he too could pick a winner.
Sunday, January 27, 2019
Sunday, January 20, 2019
New World
In August 1963, I passed through a transformation. I had spent the first eighteen years of my life in small town Oswego, New York. Now I would enter a new world as a student at the University of Pennsylvania in Philadelphia, a big city.
From my perspective, I had been a Jew living in a non-Jewish world (Oswego). Now I would be Jew in a very Jewish environment (Penn and Philadelphia).
This Jewish perspective was not something put upon me by my peers (I never felt any animus or antisemitism). It was put upon me by my parents who made me feel some kind of vague danger from the non-Jewish world.
There was a second element to this transformation. I had been under the thumb of my mother who was a very controlling person. She believed children lacked the ability to know what they should do given a choice. Between adults and children, who would make a better decision?
But, then this logic falls apart. At eighteen with no experience, I was cast out, encouraged to leave home, go to a good university and start making decisions on my own. Good luck!
However, from my perspective, it felt as if I was being released from prison. Despite my lack of experience, I felt I was ready for the challenge. I could do whatever I wanted (making quick decisions) even if, with 20-20 hindsight from fifty-five years into the future, what I wanted turned out to be not such a good idea...some times.
As I recall, the period from my high school graduation to leaving for Penn (2 months) was one of planned isolation. I basically abandoned my high school friends as if I was entering a new chapter of my life and had no room in it for them. I would replace my old friends with new Jewish friends that would fulfill my Jewish identity. Is there such a thing as having too many friends?
For the next twenty-five years, I did not realize what I had so easily and carelessly cast aside. When I received an invitation to our class reunion in 1988, I came to the realization that I wanted to include my old life along side my new one. But I got a punch in the gut when I arrived and discovered my best friend from the old days, Frank Ruggio, had died of cancer six months before. However, I was able to reconnect with some of my old Oswego friends.
Returning to August 1963, I remember being abandoned by my parents in my dorm room after dinner. My two roommates (from Boston and Orlando) on the fifth floor of the Class of 1928 dormitory had not as yet arrived. I was alone and lonely. I was at the crossroads of my life and was not quite sure if I was adult enough to act like an adult.
Then there was a knock on the door. Another freshman from down the hall invited me to come to his room where others had gathered to shoot some bull. I accepted and quickly started to feel I had successfully entered the new world I had been looking forward to.
From my perspective, I had been a Jew living in a non-Jewish world (Oswego). Now I would be Jew in a very Jewish environment (Penn and Philadelphia).
This Jewish perspective was not something put upon me by my peers (I never felt any animus or antisemitism). It was put upon me by my parents who made me feel some kind of vague danger from the non-Jewish world.
There was a second element to this transformation. I had been under the thumb of my mother who was a very controlling person. She believed children lacked the ability to know what they should do given a choice. Between adults and children, who would make a better decision?
But, then this logic falls apart. At eighteen with no experience, I was cast out, encouraged to leave home, go to a good university and start making decisions on my own. Good luck!
However, from my perspective, it felt as if I was being released from prison. Despite my lack of experience, I felt I was ready for the challenge. I could do whatever I wanted (making quick decisions) even if, with 20-20 hindsight from fifty-five years into the future, what I wanted turned out to be not such a good idea...some times.
As I recall, the period from my high school graduation to leaving for Penn (2 months) was one of planned isolation. I basically abandoned my high school friends as if I was entering a new chapter of my life and had no room in it for them. I would replace my old friends with new Jewish friends that would fulfill my Jewish identity. Is there such a thing as having too many friends?
For the next twenty-five years, I did not realize what I had so easily and carelessly cast aside. When I received an invitation to our class reunion in 1988, I came to the realization that I wanted to include my old life along side my new one. But I got a punch in the gut when I arrived and discovered my best friend from the old days, Frank Ruggio, had died of cancer six months before. However, I was able to reconnect with some of my old Oswego friends.
Returning to August 1963, I remember being abandoned by my parents in my dorm room after dinner. My two roommates (from Boston and Orlando) on the fifth floor of the Class of 1928 dormitory had not as yet arrived. I was alone and lonely. I was at the crossroads of my life and was not quite sure if I was adult enough to act like an adult.
Then there was a knock on the door. Another freshman from down the hall invited me to come to his room where others had gathered to shoot some bull. I accepted and quickly started to feel I had successfully entered the new world I had been looking forward to.
Sunday, January 13, 2019
Tale of Two Statues RevisiTed
On March 26, 2015, I published a post regarding two Civil War statues, one in my hometown dedicated "in honor of the soldiers and sailors of the County of Oswego who nobly defended the Union, 1861-1865." The second was in my adopted home of Chapel Hill, North Carolina dedicated "to the sons of the University who entered the war of 1861-1865 in answer to the call of their country (the Confederacy)."
The second statue (known as Silent Sam) was erected in 1913 on the UNC campus at a time when a narrative was spread throughout the region that the Civil War was all about the independence of southern states, similar to 1776. However, the spark for such independence was the desire to perpetuate the slavery of blacks. Such slavery ended when the 13th Amendment was added to the Constitution in December 1865.
In 1913 The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill was an all-white public institution. It became integrated in 1955. As I stated in my original post, "How can the University's administration expect the black student body, faculty and staff to tolerate a symbol of a time when white North Carolinians fought to preserve the slavery of their ancestors?"
In 2008, I sent a letter to the editor of The Daily Tar Heel (student newspaper) advocating Silent Sam's lawful removal from the campus. My letter drew a threat from another reader. Subsequently, the State passed a law making it illegal to remove such Civil War statues.
On August 20, 2018, demonstrators pulled Silent Sam off of his pedestal. This was the culmination of decades of protests and vandalism against the statue's presence on the campus.
The demonstration started in the center of Chapel Hill in support of a UNC student who faced criminal charges for throwing red ink and blood at Silent Sam on an earlier date. However, it quickly "morphed" into a march to the statue. In spite of police presence there, the demonstrators were able to take down the Confederate symbol. Many demonstrators were arrested by the police. Campus staff placed the statue on a flatbed truck and removed it from the area.
The University issued the following statement: "Last night's actions were unlawful and dangerous, and we are very fortunate that no one was injured. While we respect that protesters have the right to demonstrate, they do not have the right to damage state property (Silent Sam)."
The University issued the following statement: "Last night's actions were unlawful and dangerous, and we are very fortunate that no one was injured. While we respect that protesters have the right to demonstrate, they do not have the right to damage state property (Silent Sam)."
It has become a polemic issue as to what to do with the removed Silent Sam. On December 14, 2018, the University's Board of Governors was set to vote on a proposal to build a $5.3 million historical center on campus where Silent Sam would be placed.
However, "just hours ahead of the Board Meeting, (Spectacular Magazine) published an open letter from (UNC) athletes that accused the University of using black students as 'accessories' and criticized the Athletic Department for not taking a stand on (Silent Sam)." The Board voted against the proposal. What to do with Silent Sam remains in limbo.
On January 15, 2019, at the direction of UNC Chapel Hill's Chancellor, the statue's base, which bore plaques commemorating university students who had fought for the Confederacy, was removed as well.
Sunday, January 6, 2019
In the Heat of the Night
A wealthy businessman from Chicago was found murdered on an empty street in Sparta, Mississippi (where he intended to build a factory) In the Heat of the Night in 1967. Who done it? A black man "wearing white man's clothes" found waiting at the train depot? A local young man trying to escape over a bridge into Arkansas with the dead man's wallet? A Sparta policeman who deposited an unsubstantiated large sum into his bank account? A cotton plantation owner "least likely to mourn" the passing of the murder victim? Or was it somebody else? It was somebody else.
In the Heat of the Night won 5 Academy Awards including Best Picture (Walter Mirish, producer), Best Actor (Rod Steiger) and Best Screenplay Based on Material from Another Medium (Sterling Silliphant). I should also mention another actor, Sidney Poitier, who won an Academy Award for Best Actor in the 1963 film Lillies of the Field.
Similar to A Naked City (September 2, 2018 post), In the Heat of the Night is a police drama murder investigation. But on a deeper level it is about racism laid bare in a small Mississippi town in the 1960s.
There is an attitude among the white population there, even those below the poverty line, that at least they are better than a black. Thus, there is a reluctance to accept the help of a northern black homicide expert to the point of irrationality. "Who is this boy?" and "I don't need you."
The local Chief of Police (Steiger) has an additional problem. Newly hired to his job and a community outsider (although a Southerner), he needs to solve the murder to prove his metal to the Sparta town fathers.
Thus, Gillespie, the Chief of Police, is forced to virtually beg Virgil Tibbs (Poitier), the northern black homicide expert, to assist him in finding the murderer. On the other hand, Tibbs can't resist the opportunity to prove a black can outsmart his white counterparts. He also is not above his own racism in trying to prove the white cotton plantation owner is the guilty party. He isn't.
In the end, Tibbs and Gillespie, each getting what they hoped for in solving the case and catching the murderer (Ralph), develop a mutual respect (and friendship?), not that they will ever work together again. Tibbs happily returns home to Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, not Philadelphia, Mississippi.
In the Heat of the Night won 5 Academy Awards including Best Picture (Walter Mirish, producer), Best Actor (Rod Steiger) and Best Screenplay Based on Material from Another Medium (Sterling Silliphant). I should also mention another actor, Sidney Poitier, who won an Academy Award for Best Actor in the 1963 film Lillies of the Field.
Similar to A Naked City (September 2, 2018 post), In the Heat of the Night is a police drama murder investigation. But on a deeper level it is about racism laid bare in a small Mississippi town in the 1960s.
There is an attitude among the white population there, even those below the poverty line, that at least they are better than a black. Thus, there is a reluctance to accept the help of a northern black homicide expert to the point of irrationality. "Who is this boy?" and "I don't need you."
The local Chief of Police (Steiger) has an additional problem. Newly hired to his job and a community outsider (although a Southerner), he needs to solve the murder to prove his metal to the Sparta town fathers.
Thus, Gillespie, the Chief of Police, is forced to virtually beg Virgil Tibbs (Poitier), the northern black homicide expert, to assist him in finding the murderer. On the other hand, Tibbs can't resist the opportunity to prove a black can outsmart his white counterparts. He also is not above his own racism in trying to prove the white cotton plantation owner is the guilty party. He isn't.
In the end, Tibbs and Gillespie, each getting what they hoped for in solving the case and catching the murderer (Ralph), develop a mutual respect (and friendship?), not that they will ever work together again. Tibbs happily returns home to Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, not Philadelphia, Mississippi.
Sunday, December 30, 2018
The Year 1952, Chapter 6
Saturday night finds Burt spending the evening at Libby's...as usual. Her mom makes hamburgers and french fries...as usual. Afterwards, Burt and Libby sit on the couch (Dottie is upstairs knitting) watching television and eating popcorn...as usual. At 9 PM Your Show of Shows comes on...as usual, a live program featuring a variety of comedic skits starring Sid Caesar, Imogene Coca, Carl Reiner and Howard Morris, among others. Burt and Libby laugh a lot...as usual.
After dropping off Burt, Harvey drives to the house of his girlfriend, Anne. Every Saturday night she cooks him a wonderful dinner, just what he wants, a big, thick steak, well done with boiled potatoes. Anne makes herself a smaller steak, medium. It wasn't as if Harvey didn't want to take her out, but she prefers to stay at home.
Anne is a comely woman about Harvey's age. She is an only child who never married. A music teacher by profession (with a grand piano at home), Anne almost never needs to go out.
"I love the way you cook my steak, Anne. There isn't a restaurant in town that can touch you. But once in a while I'd like take you out."
"Thanks. I'd like to accept your offer, but..."
Another voice is heard, a faint one from upstairs, calling out for "mommy."
"Excuse me, Harvey, I'll be right back."
It's Anne's mother, who is bedridden and whose mind is gone.
When she returns, Harvey can't resist saying what he has said to her before.
"Anne, you deserve more. Your mother, the woman who raised you, the woman you feel compelled to take care of is dead. That shell of a human being upstairs is not your mother. She is occupying the body of your mother, but not her mind nor her soul. She doesn't even know your name. She thinks you are her mother. If you need help putting her in an institution, I can do that. You can have a life, deserve a life. Now you are chained to her and this house. It is such a waste."
"I appreciate what you say, but I cannot abandon my mother. That woman upstairs is still my mother."
Later, Harvey arrives in front of Libby's house and honks the horn of his car. Within seconds, Burt is out the door, running to join his father.
After dropping off Burt, Harvey drives to the house of his girlfriend, Anne. Every Saturday night she cooks him a wonderful dinner, just what he wants, a big, thick steak, well done with boiled potatoes. Anne makes herself a smaller steak, medium. It wasn't as if Harvey didn't want to take her out, but she prefers to stay at home.
Anne is a comely woman about Harvey's age. She is an only child who never married. A music teacher by profession (with a grand piano at home), Anne almost never needs to go out.
"I love the way you cook my steak, Anne. There isn't a restaurant in town that can touch you. But once in a while I'd like take you out."
"Thanks. I'd like to accept your offer, but..."
Another voice is heard, a faint one from upstairs, calling out for "mommy."
"Excuse me, Harvey, I'll be right back."
It's Anne's mother, who is bedridden and whose mind is gone.
When she returns, Harvey can't resist saying what he has said to her before.
"Anne, you deserve more. Your mother, the woman who raised you, the woman you feel compelled to take care of is dead. That shell of a human being upstairs is not your mother. She is occupying the body of your mother, but not her mind nor her soul. She doesn't even know your name. She thinks you are her mother. If you need help putting her in an institution, I can do that. You can have a life, deserve a life. Now you are chained to her and this house. It is such a waste."
"I appreciate what you say, but I cannot abandon my mother. That woman upstairs is still my mother."
Later, Harvey arrives in front of Libby's house and honks the horn of his car. Within seconds, Burt is out the door, running to join his father.
Sunday, December 23, 2018
D. C.
Article 1, Section 8 of the United States Constitution authorizes Congress "to exercise exclusive legislation in all cases whatsoever over such district as may become the seat of the government of the United States." This was considered important as James Madison wrote in the Federalist No. 43, "the national capital needed to be distinct from the States."
At the time of the ratification of the United States Constitution in June of 1788, the national capital was in the City of New York and the State of New York. This would just be temporary.
A compromise was reached among the leadership of the new republic (James Madison, Thomas Jefferson and Alexander Hamilton) that the federal capital be located along the Potomac River between the states of Maryland and Virginia.
"On December 23, 1788 (230 years ago today), the Maryland General Assembly passed an act, allowing it to cede land to the federal district. The Virginia General Assembly followed suit on December 3, 1789." President George Washington signed the federal Residence Act on July 16, 1790 authorizing the establishment of a permanent seat of government.
On September 9, 1791, the three commissioners (Thomas Johnson, Daniel Carroll and David Stuart) who were supervising the construction of the new capital city agreed to name it after the first president. The District was named Columbia which was a poetic name for the United States in common use at the time.
The second president of the United States, John Adams, was the first occupant of the White House on November 1, 1800. The first legislative session at the new Capital Building occurred 16 days later. Sadly, George Washington, whose mandate ended March 4, 1797, was not there for these memorable days. He died December 14, 1799 at the age of sixty-seven.
When Brazil became independent in 1822, its capital was the City of Rio de Janeiro in the State of Rio de Janeiro. Similar to the United States, it decided to build a new city, named Brasilia, which became its capital in 1960 and is located in the center-western region of the country, in a district separate from any state.
At the time of the ratification of the United States Constitution in June of 1788, the national capital was in the City of New York and the State of New York. This would just be temporary.
A compromise was reached among the leadership of the new republic (James Madison, Thomas Jefferson and Alexander Hamilton) that the federal capital be located along the Potomac River between the states of Maryland and Virginia.
"On December 23, 1788 (230 years ago today), the Maryland General Assembly passed an act, allowing it to cede land to the federal district. The Virginia General Assembly followed suit on December 3, 1789." President George Washington signed the federal Residence Act on July 16, 1790 authorizing the establishment of a permanent seat of government.
On September 9, 1791, the three commissioners (Thomas Johnson, Daniel Carroll and David Stuart) who were supervising the construction of the new capital city agreed to name it after the first president. The District was named Columbia which was a poetic name for the United States in common use at the time.
The second president of the United States, John Adams, was the first occupant of the White House on November 1, 1800. The first legislative session at the new Capital Building occurred 16 days later. Sadly, George Washington, whose mandate ended March 4, 1797, was not there for these memorable days. He died December 14, 1799 at the age of sixty-seven.
When Brazil became independent in 1822, its capital was the City of Rio de Janeiro in the State of Rio de Janeiro. Similar to the United States, it decided to build a new city, named Brasilia, which became its capital in 1960 and is located in the center-western region of the country, in a district separate from any state.
Sunday, December 16, 2018
Black Baseball Players
When I was born in 1945, there were no black baseball players in the American nor National Leagues. Why? They weren't good enough? No. It was simply the belief that blacks and whites shouldn't or couldn't play together on the same field at the same time. In other words, prejudice.
Speaking of prejudice, my parents consistently used the word "schvartze" when referring to black people. They said it only meant black in Yiddish, but I could sense in the way they said the word it meant something more. Would I learn this from them?
Segregation in baseball changed forever in 1947 when Branch Rickey, an owner (and General Manager) of the Brooklyn Dodgers of the National League, decided on a novel way to improve his ball club. He would hire a black ballplayer by the name of Jackie Robinson. Rickey knew he needed not only a good player, but also one who could handle the "harsh criticism from fans, other players, and ever his own teammates."
Jackie Robinson had such a successful year in 1947 he was voted Rookie of the Year. He continued playing with the Dodgers for 10 years before retiring in 1956. Jackie Robinson is in the Baseball Hall of Fame.
In 1964, I attended a speech Jackie Robinson gave on the Penn campus regarding civil rights in America. Afterwards, he gave me his autograph which I treasured for many years, especially after he died in 1972 at the age of 53. Years later I gave the autograph to my son Bret. I wonder where it is?
Also in 1947, Bill Veeck, owner of the Cleveland Indians of the American League, signed another black baseball player, Larry Doby. Three of his teammates refused to shake his hand, so Veeck got rid of them. Two years later, the Indians added a second black player, Luke Easter.
In 1957, I was at a minor league baseball game in Rochester, New York sitting behind the third base dugout (compliments of my Aunt Doris who had season tickets). The same Luke Easter was playing for the visiting team and had just cracked his bat. At the end of the inning, the equipment manager rose to the top of the dugout and offered me the damaged bat. I kept it for 5 years until my mother gave it away...without asking me.
In 1951, the New York Giants promoted a 20 year-old black ballplayer named Willie Mays. After making out his first 12 times at bat, Mays hit a home run and his statistics started to blossom. Like Jackie Robinson, he too was voted Rookie of the Year.
Since Willie Mays was the new sensation on my favorite team in my favorite sport, he became my favorite player, my sports idol to this day. I remember how thrilled I was seeing him in person for the first time at old Connie Mack Stadium in Philadelphia in 1964. Another time I saw Willie Mays hit one of his 660 home runs. He is considered one of the greatest players of all time and is also in the Baseball Hall of Fame.
In 1956, the old Milwaukee Braves added a black player named Wes Covington. His 45 home runs and 139 runs batted in (RBIs) were instrumental in their winning the National League pennant in both 1957 and 1958.
I met Wes Covington on June 30, 1960 when he was a member of the Havana Sugar Kings (minor league) baseball team. They were staying at the same hotel in Rochester where my brother Joel married my sister-in-law Judy. I'll never forget how a 28 year-old professional baseball player made a 14 year-old fan feel relaxed as we freely conversed for some minutes in the lobby.
I am sure the decisions of Branch Rickey, Bill Veeck and others admitting black baseball players to the Major Leagues affected my attitude toward minorities, civil rights and equal treatment to all in America. These men deserve a lot of credit for how they changed me and my country for the better.
Speaking of prejudice, my parents consistently used the word "schvartze" when referring to black people. They said it only meant black in Yiddish, but I could sense in the way they said the word it meant something more. Would I learn this from them?
Segregation in baseball changed forever in 1947 when Branch Rickey, an owner (and General Manager) of the Brooklyn Dodgers of the National League, decided on a novel way to improve his ball club. He would hire a black ballplayer by the name of Jackie Robinson. Rickey knew he needed not only a good player, but also one who could handle the "harsh criticism from fans, other players, and ever his own teammates."
Jackie Robinson had such a successful year in 1947 he was voted Rookie of the Year. He continued playing with the Dodgers for 10 years before retiring in 1956. Jackie Robinson is in the Baseball Hall of Fame.
In 1964, I attended a speech Jackie Robinson gave on the Penn campus regarding civil rights in America. Afterwards, he gave me his autograph which I treasured for many years, especially after he died in 1972 at the age of 53. Years later I gave the autograph to my son Bret. I wonder where it is?
Also in 1947, Bill Veeck, owner of the Cleveland Indians of the American League, signed another black baseball player, Larry Doby. Three of his teammates refused to shake his hand, so Veeck got rid of them. Two years later, the Indians added a second black player, Luke Easter.
In 1957, I was at a minor league baseball game in Rochester, New York sitting behind the third base dugout (compliments of my Aunt Doris who had season tickets). The same Luke Easter was playing for the visiting team and had just cracked his bat. At the end of the inning, the equipment manager rose to the top of the dugout and offered me the damaged bat. I kept it for 5 years until my mother gave it away...without asking me.
In 1951, the New York Giants promoted a 20 year-old black ballplayer named Willie Mays. After making out his first 12 times at bat, Mays hit a home run and his statistics started to blossom. Like Jackie Robinson, he too was voted Rookie of the Year.
Since Willie Mays was the new sensation on my favorite team in my favorite sport, he became my favorite player, my sports idol to this day. I remember how thrilled I was seeing him in person for the first time at old Connie Mack Stadium in Philadelphia in 1964. Another time I saw Willie Mays hit one of his 660 home runs. He is considered one of the greatest players of all time and is also in the Baseball Hall of Fame.
In 1956, the old Milwaukee Braves added a black player named Wes Covington. His 45 home runs and 139 runs batted in (RBIs) were instrumental in their winning the National League pennant in both 1957 and 1958.
I met Wes Covington on June 30, 1960 when he was a member of the Havana Sugar Kings (minor league) baseball team. They were staying at the same hotel in Rochester where my brother Joel married my sister-in-law Judy. I'll never forget how a 28 year-old professional baseball player made a 14 year-old fan feel relaxed as we freely conversed for some minutes in the lobby.
I am sure the decisions of Branch Rickey, Bill Veeck and others admitting black baseball players to the Major Leagues affected my attitude toward minorities, civil rights and equal treatment to all in America. These men deserve a lot of credit for how they changed me and my country for the better.
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